Maharashtra Board SSC Class 10 Science 2 Sample Paper Set 5 with Answers Solutions Pdf Download.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science 2 Model Paper Set 5 with Answers
Time: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 40
Note:
- All questions are compulsory.
- The numbers to the right of the questions indicate full marks.
- Answer to every main question must start on a new page.
- In case of MCQs (Q. No. 1(A)) only the first attempt will be evaluated and will be given credit.
- For every MCQ, the correct alternative (A), (B), (C) or (D) with sub-question number is to be written as an answer.
For Eg.: (i) (A), (ii) (B), (iii) (C) or (iv) (D) - Scientifically correct and labelled diagrams should be drawn wherever necessary.
- Each answer must have correct question number and sub-question number.
Question 1.
Choose the correct alternative. [5]
i. Metals leaching from low quality metalloids can be converted into compounds with the help of (A)
(A) Thiobacilli and Sulphobacilli
(B) Lactobacilli and Pseudomonas
(C) Actinomycetes and Saccharomyces
(D) Acetobacter and Gluconobacter
Answer:
(A) Thiobacilli and Sulphobacilli
ii. Somatic and stem cells undergo _________ type of division. (B)
(A) meiosis
(B) mitosis
(C) budding
(D) cloning
Answer:
(B) mitosis
iii. Which of the following is a connecting link between annelida and arthropoda? (B)
(A) Duck-billed platypus
(B) Peripatus
(C) Lungfish
(D) Whale
Answer:
(B) Peripatus
iv. Implantation of embryo occurs in _________. (C)
(A) oviduct
(B) ovary
(C) utorus
(D) testis
Answer:
(C) utorus
v. Which of the following animals’ body shows bilateral symmetry? (C)
(A) Starfish
(B) Jellyfish
(C) Earthworm
(D) Sponge
Answer:
(C) Earthworm
(B) Answer the following. [5]
i. Name the hormones secreted by ovary of female reproductive system.
ii. Write whether the given statement is true or false. Correct the statement, if false.
Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in non-genetic technique.
iii. Find the odd one out.
Wind, LPG, coal, crude oil
iv. Match the columns.
| Column I | Column II |
| a. Fossils | 1. Paleontological evidence |
| b. Flipper of whale and forelimb of bat | 2. Morphological evidence |
| 3. Anatomical evidence |
v. Complete the analogy.
TCA cycle : Mitochondria :: Glycolysis : _________
Answer:
i. Progesterone, Estrogen
ii. False.
Changes in genes of the cells are brought about in genetic technique, whereas in non-genetic techniques either whole cells or tissues are used.
iii. Wind
iv.
| Column I | Column II |
| a. Fossils | 1. Paleontological evidence |
| b. Flipper of whale and forelimb of bat | 3. Anatomical evidence |
v. TCA cycle : Mitochondria :: Glycolysis : Cytoplasm
Question 2.
(A) Give scientific reasons. (Attempt any 2) [4]
i. First aid training is essential.
ii. Birth defects are more common among children bom to older women.
iii. Oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.
(B) Answer the following. (Attempt any 3) [6]
i. Smita was advised to take a daily dose of vitamins. Write a short note on the importance and types of vitamins.
ii. Give any four uses of Xanthum gum.
iii. Differentiate between conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
iv. Complete the given table.
| Body cavity | Germ layer | Phylum |
| Absent | ………………………… | Porifera |
| Absent | Triploblastic | ………………………… |
| Pseudocoelom | ………………………… | Aschelminthes |
| Present | ………………………… | Arthropoda |
v. Identify the following symbols and state their significance:
Answer:
(A)
i. a. We may face various types of major or minor disasters in our daily life. They include accidents, stampede, injuries in fighting, electric shock, burns, heat shock, snake bite, dog bite, fire due to electric short circuit, epidemic of any disease, etc.
b. Victims of such disasters need to be offered some primary help before actual medical treatment is available.
c. It is in such circumstances that first aid is useful. The main objective of first aid is preventing deterioration of health, preventing death and starting the process of rehabilitation.
d. Also, the person present at the location of the disaster should be able to administer first aid either to himself or to others around him, who are in need.
Hence, it is essential that everyone gets training of first aid.
ii. a. A female has millions of oocytes at the time of birth and new ova are not formed thereafter.
b. Menopause occurs at approximately 40-50 years of age and hence fewer numbers of eggs are present with reduced fertility since the oocytes have aged.
c. Their ability to divide diminishes and they may not be able to complete meiotic division properly.
d. Fertilization of such oocytes may result in production of genetic abnormalities (like Down’s syndrome) in offsprings.
Hence, birth defects are more common among children born to older women.
iii. a. A molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration (i.e. in the presence of oxygen) to form CO2, H2O and energy (38 ATP), via. three steps namely glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transfer chain.
b. However, in anaerobic respiration (i.e. in absence of oxygen), glucose is incompletely oxidized via. glycolysis and fermentation, resulting in the formation of organic acids or alcohols and lesser amount of energy is obtained.
Hence, oxygen is necessary for complete oxidation of glucose.
(B) i. a. Vitamins are a group of heterogenous compounds which are essential for the proper operation of various life processes.
b. There are six types of vitamins, i.e. vitamin A, B, C, D, E and K.
c. Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins, whereas, vitamins B and C are water-soluble.
d. Vitamins like riboflavin (vitamin B2) and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) are used for the synthesis of FADH2 and NADH2 respectively.
ii. The uses of xanthum gum are as follows:
a. Imparts thickness to ice-creams, puddings, chocolates, milk shakes, chocolate drinks, instant soups, etc.
b. Production of textile pigments
c. Production of high quality paper
d. Production of toothpastes
e. Production of weedicides
f. Production of fertilizers
iii.
| Conventional sources of energy | Non-conventional sources of energy |
| a. Conventional sources of energy are limited and exhaustible. | Non-conventional sources of energy are abundant and inexhaustible. |
| b. They cause pollution. | They cause little or no pollution. |
| c. Fuels produced from conventional sources are comparatively expensive. | Fuels produced from non – conventional sources are comparatively cheaper. |
| d. Conventional sources do not produce green energy. | Non-conventional sources produce green energy. |
| Example: fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas etc. | Example: wind energy, solar energy, etc. |
iv.
| Body cavity | Germ layer | Phylum |
| Absent | Absent | Porifera |
| Absent | Triploblastic | Platyhelminthes |
| Pseudocoelom | Triploblastic | Aschelminthes |
| Present | Triploblastic | Arthropoda |
SMART TIP
i. All invertebrates up to phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) lack coelom and hence are known as acoelomates.
ii. Phylum Platyhelminthes onwards all phyla are triploblastic
v. a. Save water
It is necessary to save every drop of water for the survival of our future generations. Without the conservation efforts, the vital water supply may be exhausted.
b. Save fuel
We need to save fuel by opting for ecofriendly transport.
This will also help to reduce pollution generated by burning of fossil fuels.
Question 3.
Answer the following. (Attempt any 5) [15]
i. Observe the diagrams and answer the questions.
a. Playing games on mobile while eating is right or wrong. Justify.
b. What do you conclude from the following picture?
c. Observe the following picture and state what can be the outcome?
ii. The warehouse you are in has caught fire. What necessary steps will you take?
iii. Identify the following based on the given description.
a. Numerous pores present on the body of sponges
b. Largest phylum with highly successful animals in animal kingdom
c. Subphylum of chordates in which notochord is present only in tail region of larvae .
d. Coelenterate that is commonly known as the Jellyfish
e. Annelid with parapodia for locomotion
f. Jawless chordates
iv. Relatives usually say that a newborn shows similar characters to his/her parents. Explain this with suitable examples.
v. Raju got his wisdom tooth removed. Why is the wisdom tooth not necessary in humans? Write the names of other such organs in human body and whether the same organs are functional in other animals.
vi. a. What is photo-voltaic effect?
b. It is possible to produce energy from mW to MW using solar photovoltaic cells.
vii. Sia’s mother always tells her to communicate well with other people in the society. Explain the importance of good communication with others.
viii. a. How can the oil spills of rivers and oceans be cleaned? b. Define industrial microbiology.
Answer:
i. a. It is incorrect to use mobile phone while having meal. Children focus more on mobile phone and tend to swallow food without proper chewing. This may lead to choking, overeating and other related problems.
b. The picture suggests that we should stay away from addictive substances like alcohol, tobacco, cigarette, gutkha, drugs.
c. Taking selfies on road may lead to severe injuries or death, as the person becomes so engrossed in clicking selfie that he is not aware about the world around him.
ii. During a fire disaster the following rescue steps can be taken:
a. Use fire extinguisher to put off the fire.
b. Run towards a safe place away from the location of fire.
c. While entering to the safe room, make sure that there is no fire in that room. You can do so by touching the door and feeling the heat on door before opening it.
d. If there is lot of smoke, keep your head low to the ground to avoid excess inhalation of smoke.
e. Call the fire brigade immediately.
f. Also, if any person has suffered minor burns,
1. Wash the injured part with water or hold it under water.
2. Clean the wound with an antiseptic solution using a cotton swab and apply ointments that are specially prescribed for burns.
3. Cover the wound using dry dressing.
If a person has suffered major burns,
1. Use sterilized cloth to cover the wound.
2. Immediately remove jewellery, shoes, etc., from the body.
3. Do not touch or burst the blisters on the skin, remove the cloth stuck to the region of burnt skin.
iii. a. Ostia and osculum
b. Phylum Arthropoda
c. Subphylum Urochordata
d. Aurelia
e. Nereis
f. Agnatha
iv. a. Sexual reproduction involves two parents i.e. male parent and female parent.
b. The male gamete coming from male parent fuses with female gamete of female parent to form zygote which develops into embryo and then into a new individual.
c. Thus, the new individual always has the recombined genes of both the parents. For example, child shows resemblance with his/her parents with respect to eye colour, hair colour, height, etc.
Hence, in case of sexual reproduction, newborn shows similarities about characters.
v. a. Wisdom tooth is not necessary since it is a vestigial organ, i.e. degenerated or underdeveloped useless organ of an organism.
b. Some vestigial organs in humans that are functional in other animals are as follows:
1. Appendix: It is fully functional in ruminants for digestion of cellulose.
2. Muscle of the ear pinna: It is useful in monkeys and other animals like rabbits, cows, horses, etc. for movement of ear pinna.
3. Other vestigial organs include the tail-bone (coccyx), body hairs, nictitating membrane (third eyelid), wisdom tooth, etc.
vi. a. The process of a solar photo-voltaic cell converting solar radiations energy directly into electrical energy is called photo-voltaic effect.
b. 1. Solar photovoltaic cells which have energy producing capacity of mW, are connected in required series and parallel combinations to form a solar panel.
2. Many solar panels are connected in series to form a solar string and many solar strings are connected in parallel to form a solar array which has energy producing capacity of MW.
3. Thus, with the required series and parallel combination of solar photovoltaic cells to form solar panels, solar strings and solar arrays, it is possible to produce energy from mW to MW capacity.
vii. a. Communication is extremely useful for expressing feelings. Different methods of expression include communicating with friends, colleagues, cousins, teachers as well as our parents.
b. Expressing our feelings through communication with near and dear ones, noting down our feelings, etc. helps us to relieve stress.
c. Communication also helps to spread knowledge and to build healthy relationships.
d. Good communication with family members, friends, etc. can help us establish harmonious relationships with others in the society.
viii. a. 1. Oil spills of rivers and oceans can be cleaned by bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Alcanivorax borkumensis, that have the ability to destroy pyridines and other chemicals.
2. These hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB) decompose hydrocarbons and bring about the reaction of carbon with oxygen to form CO2 and water.
b. Industrial microbiology is related to commercial use of microbes in which various economic, social and environment related processes and products are included.
Question 4.
Answer the following. (Attempt any 1) [5]
i. Diseases in humans can be prevented by administration of vaccines. Vaccines contain inactivated, killed / weakened pathogens that can be used as antigens to provide either permanent or temporary immunity against a specific pathogen or disease. Conventional methods of vaccine preparation include the use of completely or partially killed pathogens. These vaccines however posed a risk of causing disease in case of some persons. Biotechnological techniques provide alternative antigenic genes isolated in the laboratory that can be used to make pure forms of proteins that can be used as antigens to activate the immune sfstem. Recent developments in this field include production of edible vaccines like transgenic potatoes. Consumption of raw potatoes is speculated to develop immunity against the pathogen. These edible vaccines are produced by inserting genes isolated from specific pathogens to produce the antigen in the plants.
Based on the given paragraph answer the following questions.
a. How can people immunized with vaccines containing semi-killed pathogens have a risk of contracting a disease?
b. Why are vaccines produced using biotechnology safer than conventional vaccines?
c. How does the immune system react on administration of vaccines?
d. What is the disadvantage of transgenic potatoes containing edible vaccines?
e. What is the main advantage of vaccines over antibiotics?
ii. Recently the number of species on the endangered list have increased.
a. State any four causes of plant and animal species becoming endangered. . –
b. Explain the three levels of biodiversity.
Answer:
i. a. Semi-killed pathogens may be reactivated due to certain environmental conditions and cause disease in some individuals.
b. Vaccines produced using biotechnology contain only pure proteins that are used as antigens to develop immunity and do not actually contain the complete pathogen, hence making them safer than conventional vaccines.
c. The immune system gets activated on encountering the pathogenic antigen, thus protecting the body from any subsequent attack by the same pathogen.
d. Transgenic potatoes containing edible vaccines cannot be cooked, as heating would denature the proteins and reduce the vaccine potential.
e. Vaccines can be used to prevent a disease, whereas antibiotics are used only after a person falls ill.
ii. The causes of plant and animal species becoming endangered are as follows:
a. 1. Natural causes: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flood, drought, dry and wet
famines, etc.
2. Man-made causes:
i. Over-utilization of resources: It is a major cause for endangering many plant and animal species. Extensive cutting of forest trees, over-grazing, over fishing, etc., lead to extinction of many species.
ii. Environmental pollution: Pollution of air, water and soil leads to depletion of wildlife.
iii. Hunting: Poaching for meat, skin, fur, horns, etc., leads to decline in number of wild animals.
iv. Destruction of habitats: Due to human activities like construction of dams and reservoirs, buildings, roads, railway tracks, mining activities, etc., the natural habitat of animals get destroyed.
v. Other causes: Use of plant and animal species for manufacturing pharmaceuticals, perfumes, cosmetics, medicines, etc.
b. Biodiversity occurs at three different levels.
1. Genetic diversity: It refers to the occurrence of diversity among organisms of same species.
e. g. Each human being is different from other.
2. Species diversity: It refers to the innumerable species of organisms that occur in nature.
e. g. Variety of plants, animals and microbes.
3. Ecosystem diversity: It refers to variation in ecosystems present in nature. These ecosystems are formed by the interaction between plants, animals, their habitats and changes in the environment. Each ecosystem has its own biotic (animals, plants, microbes) and abiotic factors.