Maharashtra Board SSC Class 10 Science 2 Sample Paper Set 4 with Answers Solutions Pdf Download.
Maharashtra Board Class 10 Science 2 Model Paper Set 4 with Answers
Time: 2 Hours
Total Marks: 40
Note:
- All questions are compulsory.
- The numbers to the right of the questions indicate full marks.
- Answer to every main question must start on a new page.
- In case of MCQs (Q. No. 1(A)) only the first attempt will be evaluated and will be given credit.
- For every MCQ, the correct alternative (A), (B), (C) or (D) with sub-question number is to be written as an answer.
For Eg.: (i) (A), (ii) (B), (iii) (C) or (iv) (D) - Scientifically correct and labelled diagrams should be drawn wherever necessary.
- Each answer must have correct question number and sub-question number.
Question 1.
(A) Choose the correct alternative. [5]
i. The disease related with the synthesis of insulin is __________. (A)
(A) Diabetes
(B) Haemophilia
(C) Dwarfism
(D) Phenylketonuria
Answer:
(A) Diabetes
ii. __________ man can be considered as the first example of wise man. (B)
(A) Dryopithecus
(B) Neanderthal
(C) Aegyptopithecus
(D) Ramapithecus
Answer:
(B) Neanderthal
iii. __________ convert salts of uranium released from the atomic energy plant into insoluble salts. (B)
(A) Saccharomyces
(B) Geobacter
(C) Acidobacillus
(D) Actinomycetes
Answer:
(B) Geobacter
iv. In males, the sperms are formed in (D)
(A) Cowper’s gland
(B) Prostate gland
(C) Vas deferens
(D) Testes
Answer:
(D) Testes
v. __________ is a warm blooded animal. (D)
(A) Turtle
(B) Sea horse
(C) Rohu
(D) Elephant
Answer:
(D) Elephant
(B) Answer the following. [5]
i. Fill in the boxes with the help of the given clue:
Requirement for stress free life.
ii. Complete the analogy.
Peripatus : Connecting link :: Wisdom tooth
iii. State whether the statement is True or False.
Gender of dizygotic twins is always same.
iv. Match the columns:
| Column I | Column II | Column III |
| a. Glycolysis | 1. Cytoplasm | p. Pyruvic acid, ATP. NADH2 and H2O |
| b. TCA | 2. Mitochondria | q. Pyruvic acid, CO2, ATP and FADH2 |
| 3. Ribosome | r. CO2, CoA, ATP, NADH2 and FADH2 |
v. Find the odd one out.
Lactobacillus acidophilus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum
Answer:
i.
ii. Vestigial organ
iii. False
(Note: In ‘True or false1, students are expected to mention whether the sentence is true or false. Students must write the correct statement, only if asked in the question.)
iv.
| Column I | Column II | Column III |
| a. Glycolysis | 1. Cytoplasm | p. Pyruvic acid, ATP. NADH2 and H2O |
| b. TCA | 2. Mitochondria | r. CO2, CoA, ATP, NADH2 and FADH2 |
(Note: In ‘Match the column1 students are expected to match the contents of Column I, with those in Column II and Column III appropriately and write the answer in tabular format.)
v. Clostridium
Question 2.
(A) Give scientific reasons. (Attempt any 2) [4]
i. Children get addicted to deadly substances like tobacco, cigarette, gutkha, etc.
ii. Microbial enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts in chemical industry.
iii. Biotechnology plays an important role in human health.
(B) Answer the following. (Attempt any 3) [5]
i. Distinguish between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
ii. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum-Echinodermata.
iii. Complete the table.
iv. Write a short note on sacred groves.
v. Give four examples of Geological disasters.
Answer:
(A) i. a. Adolescents prefer the company of friends.
b. Due to this, they follow the good or bad habits of their friends instead of following advice of parents and teachers.
c. Sometimes, this peer-group pressure makes children try tobacco, cigarette, gutkha, alcoholic drinks, drugs, etc. at very young age.
d. Children may also pickup these habits while imitating their elders or think of them as being symbol of high standard living.
Thus, children get addicted to deadly substances like tobacco, cigarette, gutkha, etc.
ii. Microbial enzymes are used instead of chemical catalysts in chemical industry because:
a. Corrosion is a common problem in chemical industries. Using anti-corrosive instruments increases the production cost. However, while using microbial enzymes costly anti-corrosive instruments are not required.
b. Microbial enzymes are active at low temperature, pH and pressure. Thus, they save energy.
c. Enzymes carry out specific processes due to which unnecessary by-products are not formed.
Thus, expenses on purification are minimized.
d. In microbial enzymatic reactions, elimination and decomposition of waste material is avoided and enzymes can be reused. Thus, microbial enzymes are eco-friendly.
iii. a. Biotechnology plays an important role in the identification of genes that cause disease in humans.
b. Due to biotechnology faster diagnosis of diseases like diabetes, AIDS and dengue is possible, sometimes even before the onset of symptoms.
c. For the treatment of diseases like diabetes, insulin is produced by inserting the insulin producing gene into the genome of bacteria, using biotechnological techniques.
d. Vaccines, interferons and antibiotics are produced against specific pathogens or diseases.
e. Gene therapy is used to treat genetic disorders in somatic cells and germline cells.
f. Using therapeutic cloning, stem cells or genes can be cloned in order to treat hereditary diseases.
Hence, it is said that biotechnology plays an important role in human health.
(B) i.
| Aerobic respiration | Anaerobic respiration |
| a. It occurs in the presence of oxygen. | It occurs in the absence of oxygen. |
| b. It occurs via. three steps, namely, glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transfer chain. | It occurs via. two steps, namely, glycolysis and fermentation. |
| c. The end products are CO2, H2O and energy. | The end products are organic acids or alcohol and energy. |
| d. More amount of energy is generated. | Less amount of energy is generated. |
| e. Complete oxidation of glucose takes place. | Incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place. |
| f. It takes place in higher plants, animals and certain aerobic microbes. | It takes place in yeast, muscle cells, erythrocytes and some anaerobic microbes. |
ii. a. Body of animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata is composed of calcareous spines, hence they are called as echinoderms.
b. They are exclusively found in the ocean.
c. Animals that belong to phylum Echinodermata are triploblastic, eucoelomate and radially symmetrical. Larval forms however are bilaterally symmetrical.
d. Tube feet is used for locomotion and capturing the prey. However, some animals are sedentary.
e. Their skeleton is made up of calcareous spines and / or plates called ossicles.
f. These animals have a good ability of regeneration.
g. They are mostly unisexual. e.g. Star-fish, sea urchin, brittle star, sea-cucumber, etc.
iii.
iv. a. The forest protected or conserved in the name of God (on religious grounds) and considered to be sacred is known as sacred grove or Devrai.
b. Sacred groves are in fact sanctuaries conserved by the society and not by the government forest department.
c. It has special protection, as it has been conserved due to special religious importance.
d. Sacred groves are present not only in Western Ghats of India but in the entire country.
v. Earthquakes, tsunami, volcano, landslides, erosion, flood.
(Note: In ‘Give examples’, students are expected to write minimum 4 examples.)
Question 3.
Answer the following. (Attempt any 5) [15]
i. Observe the given figure and answer the questions.
a. Identify the evidence of evolution shown in the given diagram.
b. How is this evidence used as a proof of evolution?
c. Mention any two other evidence of evolution.
ii. Identify the various aspects of disaster management based on the given statements.
a. Plan for minimizing the damage to the society and country.
b. Intensify of various aspects of disaster and disaster management are review ed.
c. A plan is chalked out so as to get the quick response from general public and administration.
d. It is an important link between emergency measures and national progress.
e. Response to the disaster given immediately after the incidence. »
f. Important link between measures after disaster and national development.
iii. What will you do in the following situations? Why?
a. The child of your neighbour is addicted to tobacco chewing.
b. Your brother studying in XII has developed stress.
c. Your sister has become incommunicative and she prefers to remain alone.
iv. Observe the following diagram and answer the questions.
a. The schematic of which power plant is shown in diagram?
b. Is the energy generation through this plant considered green energy? Give reason why?
c. Draw the flow chart for the transformation of energy in the power plant.
v. Explain how energy is formed from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
vi. What is the exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry? Explain with examples?
vii. a. Define bioremediation.
b. Complete the given chart.
| Plants/Microbes | Function |
| 1 Pteris vittata | _______________ |
| 2. Pseudomonas | _______________ |
| 3. _______________ | Absorption of uranium and arsenic |
| 4. _______________ | Absorption of radiations of nuclear waste |
viii. Label the following diagram and explain the energy conversion in the plant.
Answer:
i. a. Embryological evidence of evolution is shown in the given diagram.
b. Embryological evidence is used as proof of evolution as a similarity in initial stages of development (embryos) amongst different animals indicates a common origin (ancestor) of these organisms.
c. Morphological evidence, anatomical evidence, vestigial organs, paleontological evidence, connecting links
ii. a. Redemption
b. Impact of disaster
c. Preparedness
d. Resurgence
e. Response
f. Restoration
iii. a. If I find that the child of my neighbour is addicted to tobacco chewing:
1. I will make him aware about the health problems associated with chewing tobacco like mouth cancer, tooth decay, gum diseases, etc. This will help him to make decision about quitting tobacco.
2. I will advise him to reduce the use of tobacco everyday till he finally quits it completely.
3. I will also make him talk to his family or friends regarding the issue, so as to help him get rid of the habit.
b. Increased stress can result in various adverse effects on physical, mental as well as social health of an individual. If I find that my brother studying in XII has developed stress;
1. I will talk with him and try to understand whether the stress is due to studies.
2. I will also help him in preparing timetable for his studies so that he gets time for relaxation and some leisure along with studies.
c. The feeling of staying alone or not communicating with others may lead to mental stress. This can eventually affect one’s physical, mental and social health. If I find that my sister has become incommunicative and prefers to remain alone;
1. I will talk to her and try to find out the reason for her aloofness and the stress. I will discuss her problem and help her find a solution to her problem.
2. I will try to get her to speak with family members and participate in family discussions, family functions, etc. I would also encourage her to pursue her hobbies. This can help her divert her mind from the issues that are troubling her.
3. If required I will advise her to consult a professional counsellor and discuss her problems.
iv. a. The schematic of power generation based on energy of natural gas is shown in the given diagram.
b. Energy generation through this plant is not considered green energy as the energy source i.e., natural gas causes pollution and its reserves are limited.
c. Flow chart showing the transformation of energy in the power plant is as follows:
v. a. Carbohydrates are used as the first source of energy. Oxidation of carbohydrates like glucose, yields two molecules each of pyruvic acid, ATP, NADH2 and water.
b. In conditions of insufficient carbohydrates like fasting and hunger, lipids and proteins are used for energy production. Lipids are converted to fatty acids, whereas proteins are broken down into amino acids.
c. These simpler molecules formed are then converted into acetyl-CoA.
d. Acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized in the mitochondria through the Krebs cycle to produce CO2, H2O, NADH2, and FADH2.
e. Molecules of NADH2 and FADH2 formed participate in electron transfer chain and synthesize energy in the form of ATP. 38 ATP are generated at the end of aerobic respiration.
Thus CO2, H2O and energy are formed at the end of aerobic respiration.
vi. a. The exact difference between grades of organization and symmetry is that body organization is the arrangement of smaller units into larger ones, whereas body symmetry is the number of symmetrical parts the animal can be divided into.
b. It can be explained with help of following examples:
1. In Cnidarians, cells come together to form tissues which perform body functions. This type of body organization is called cell-tissue grade organization. However, Cnidarians are radially symmetrical, i.e. when their body is cut through an imaginary central axis of any plane of body, it gives two equal halves.
2. In case of flatworms, they show tissue organ grade organization, in which tissues are organized to form some organs. These flatworms are bilaterally symmetrical, i.e. there is only one imaginary axis through which one can get two equal halves.
Double fertilization in angiosperms
vii. a. Bioremediation is the technique of absorption or destruction of toxic chemicals and harmful pollutants with the help of plants and microorganisms.
b.
| Plants/Microbes | Function |
| 1 Pteris vittata | Phytoremediation, absorbs arsenic from soil. |
| 2. Pseudomonas | Cleans hydrocarbon and oil pollutants from soil and water |
| 3. Sunflower | Absorption of uranium and arsenic |
| 4. Deinococcus radiodurans | Absorption of radiations of nuclear waste |
viii. Labelling: A: Condenser, B: Turbine, C: Boiler, D: Cooling tower.
Explanation:
a. In a thermal power plant, coal is used as fuel.
b. Conversion of chemical energy in coal to thermal energy: When the coal is burned, the chemical energy in coal is converted to thermal energy.
c. Conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy in steam: This thermal energy is used to heat the water present in a boiler. Steam of very high temperature and pressure is generated and directed on the blades of the turbine.
d. Conversion of kinetic energy in steam to kinetic energy in turbine: The kinetic energy produced in the steam is then used to drive the turbine.
e. Conversion of kinetic energy in turbine to electrical energy: The turbine rotates the generator connected to it which in turn produces electrical energy.
Question 4.
Answer the following. (Attempt any 1) [5]
i. Explain double fertilization with the help of a neat and labelled diagram.
ii. a. What are biodiversity hotspots?
b. Explain in detail how threatened animals are classified.
Answer:
i.
a. In sexual reproduction of plants, stigma becomes sticky during pollination and pollen grain germinates over the stigma giving rise to pollen tube.
b. Pollen tube carries two male gametes which are released near egg cell present in the embryo sac.
c. One male gamete fuses with a female gamete giving rise to zygote. The second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei giving rise to endosperm. In this process, fertilization occurs twice in the same embryo sac by two male gametes. Hence, this is called as double fertilization.
d. Zygote develops into embryo and endosperm serves as a nutritive tissue for the growing embryo. This embryo is capable of growing into new plant.
ii. a. Biodiversity hotspots are the geographical areas with high species diversity which need maximum protection.
b. Threatened species are classified into four categories:
1. Endangered species: These are the species whose either number is declined or habitat is shrunk to such an extent that they can be extinct in near future, if conservative measures are not implemented. e.g. Lion tailed monkey (Lion tailed macaque), Lesser florican.
2. Rare species: Number of these organisms is considerably declined. Members of this species being endemic may become extinct very fast. These species are rarely encountered and very uncommon. e.g. Red Panda, Musk deer.
(Note: The designation of ‘rare species’ is made by an official body like the
government, state or province. The IUCN does not make such a designation. The
number of such organisms varies with time in a geographical region.)
3. Vulnerable species: Number of these organisms is extremely less and continues to decline. Continuous decline in their number is distressful. These species can quickly move to rare or endangered species group, if appropriate conservation measures are not implemented.
e. g. Lion, Tiger.
4. Indeterminate species: These organisms appear to be endangered but there is not enough information about these organisms due to their behavioral habits (like shyness). e.g. Giant squirrel (Shekru).
(Note: As per the Red List assessment published in 2015, the IUCN Red List of Threatened species, lists Red Panda, Musk deer and Tiger as endangered species.)